passage3注解：标题为赤色，翻译为蓝色，分析为绿色。?????????in the early 1960s wilt chamberlain was one of the only three players in the national basketball association (nba) listed at over seven feet(脚,尺(但这儿是取这个意思)). if he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. the bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.
????????the trend in sports, though, may be obscuring(obscure使……迷糊,躲藏) an unrecognized reality: americans have generally stopped growing. though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today’s people— especially those born to families who have lived in the u.s. for many generations—apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s.and they aren’t likely to get any taller. “in the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone as far as we can go,” says anthropologist william cameron chumlea of wright state university. in the case of nba players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.
????????growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably, protein —to feed expanding tissues(纸巾,(动物或植物的细胞)组织(这儿取这个意思)). at the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition(under-nutrition兼并词，不是“处于养分之下”，而是“养分不良”) and childhood infections got in the way. but as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular(长时刻的(这儿取这个意思)，实际世界的) trend in height. yet according to the centers for disease control and prevention, average height—5 for women—hasn’t really changed since 1960.
????????genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. during childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal(两足动物的,二足的) posture((坐或立的)姿势,情绪,情绪) and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. “there are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,” says anthropologist william leonard of northwestern university.
????????genetic maximums can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon. claire c. gordon, senior anthropologist at the army research center in natick, mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. she says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. and if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, gordon says that by and large, “you could use todays data and feel fairly confident.”
一、文章规划分析这是一篇谈论文。
文章谈论了美国人的身高极限疑问。
文章首段以 nba 队员的身高改变作为引子来引身世高改变论题。
文章第二段提出了论说的中心。
第三段、第四段论说了缘由。
第五段则谈到了这一结论对将来的一些影响。
31. wilt chamberlain is cited as an example to.
[a] illustrate the change of height of nba players
[b] show the popularity of nba players in the u.s.6
[c] compare different generations of nba players
[d] assess the achievements of famous nba players
31．以威尔特·张伯伦为例是为了 。
[a] 阐明 nba 球员身高的改变
[b] 标明美国 nba 球员很受等待
[c] 对几代 nba 球员进行比照
[d] 评价注明 nba 球员的作用
32. which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text?
[a] genetic modification.
[b] natural environment.
[c] living standards.
[d] daily exercise.
32．根据文章，下面哪一项在身高增加方面发扬要害作用？
[a] 基因改造。
[b] 天然环境。
[c] 日子水平。
[d] 往常健身训练。
33. on which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?
[a] non-americans add to the average height of the nation.
[b] human height is conditioned by the upright posture.
[c] americans are the tallest on average in the world.
[d] larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.
33．作者很可以附和下面哪种论说？
[a] 非美国人添加了美国的均匀身高。
[b] 人类身高受直立姿势的制约。
[c] 美国人是世界上均匀身高最高的人。
[d] 较大的婴儿一般在成年后身段较高。
34. we learn from the last paragraph that in the near future.
[a] the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size
[b] the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged
[c] genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen
[d] the existing data of human height will still be applicable
34．从最终一段咱们可以晓得在不久的将来 。
[a] 服装业将从头思考制服尺码
[b] 军服的方案将坚持不变
[c] 基因检测将被使用到选择运建议上
[d] 如今的人类身高数据将来仍然适用
35. the text intends to tell us that.
[a] the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern
[b] human height is becoming even more predictable
[c] americans have reached their genetic growth limit
[d] the genetic pattern of americans has altered
35．这篇文章旨在告诉咱们 。
[a] 人类身高的改变遵从循环方法
[b] 人类身高变得愈加可以猜测了
[c] 美国人现已抵达他们身高的遗传极限
[d] 美国人的遗传方法现已改动
二、中心词汇与超纲词汇1. by and large 大体上，根柢上
2. canal n. 运河
3. frame n. 架子；体魄 v. 给……装框子；栽赃，诬告
4. get in the way (of) 阻止
5. notably ad. 引人凝视地；特别
6. obscure v. 使暗；a.模(含)糊的；不流通的
7. recruit n. 新兵，新分子；v. 征募
8. anthropologist n. 人类学家
9. bipedal a. 两足动物的
10. secular a. 现世的，世俗的
三、阅览答案： a c b d c四、全文翻译：?????????20 世纪 60 年代初，威尔特·张伯伦是仅有的三名身高跨越 7
英尺的 nba 球员之一，可是假定上个赛季他还在打球的话，他就成了 42 名这样的球员中的一员了。曩昔几年，参加首要作业运动的运建议的身体发生了严峻改变，沙龙的司理们很愿意更改队服以习气身段巨大的运建议数量不断添加的需要。
????????可是，体育运动的这种趋势可以隐盖了这样一个未被知道的实际：美国人的身高全体上现已中止了增加。尽管一般来说，如今美国的身高比 140 年前高了 2 英寸，但他们，特别是那些几代生长在美国家庭中出世的人，其身高在 20 世纪 60 年代前期显着已抵达了极限。他们不会再长得更高了。莱特州立大学的人类学家威廉·卡麦隆·查姆利说：“当今，就总人员来说，在现有环境和基因水平下，咱们现已抵达了身高的极限。”至于 nba 球员，他们身高的增加如同是从世界各国吸收球员这种日益广泛的做法的成果。
????????在 20 岁后人很少持续长高，长高需要热量和养分，特别是蛋白质，以满足组织增加的需要。20 世纪前期，养分不良和儿童感患病盛行，但跟着饮食和安康的改进，儿童和青少年的身高均匀每 20 年添加约1.5 英寸，这就是被称之为身高增加长时刻趋势的方法。可是根据疾病控制与避免中心的数据(男性 5.9英尺，女人 5.4 英尺)，从 1960 年以来并没有改动过。
????????从遗传学的视点看，避免身高过高是有优点的。临产进程中，较大的婴儿更难经过产道。此外，尽管咱们人类现已直立行走了几百万年，但两足和背部仍持续同两足行走的姿势相抗衡，难以承受因肢体过长不断构成的压力。西北大学人类学家威廉·伦纳德称，“对身高的一些真实的捆绑是由个别有机体的遗传规划所抉择的”。
????????遗传身高最大值可以会改动，但不可以能期望它很快就会呈现。马萨诸塞州纳蒂克戎行研讨中心的资深人类学家克莱尔·戈登保证说：90%的制服和作业间合适新兵运用，不需要改动。她说，不像篮球运建议的队服，军服标准一段时刻以来都没有改变。她还说，假定你需要猜测不久的将来的人的身高以便方案一种配备，根柢上“你就可以运用其时的数据，并感到恰当自傲。”