??2023年全国硕士研讨生招生考试(英语二)
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section i use of english
directions:
read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on the answer sheet. (10 points)
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? ? ? ?here’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you’re the ceo of a small business, and though you’re making a nice??1?, you need to find a way to take it to the next level. what you need to do is??2??growth by establishing a growth team, a growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus??3??on finding ways to grow.
? ? ? let’s look at a real-world??4??. prior to forming a growth team, the software company bittorrent had 50 employees working in the??5??departments of engineering, marketing and product development. 1 his brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. the??6??was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. and??7??making improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade.
? ? ? ?things changed??8??, when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard.???9?? a growth team and sparked the kind of??10??perspective they needed. by looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the?? i i? of upgrades wasn’t due to a quality issue. most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.
? ? ? armed with this??12??the marketing and engineering teams joined forces lo raise awareness by prominently??13??the premium version to users of the free version. ?14??, upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent. but in order for your growth team to succeed, it needs to have a strong leader. it needs someone who can??15??the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement. this leader will??16??the target area, set clear goal sand establish a time frame for the ?17 ?of these goals.
? ? ? ?the growth leader is also??18??for keeping the team focused on moving forward and steering them clear of distractions.?? 19?? attractive new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t??20??the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.
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1.a. purchase b. profit c. connection d. bet
2. a. define b. predict c. prioritize d. appreciate
3. a. exclusively b. temporarily c. potentially ? d. initially
4. a. experiment b. proposal c. debate d. example
5. a. identical b. marginal c. provisional d. traditional
6. a. rumor b. secret c. myth d. problem
7. a. despite b. unlike c. through d. besides
8. a. moreover b. however c. therefore d. again
9. a. inspected b. created ?c. expanded ?d. reformed
10. a. cultural b. objective c. fresh d. personal
11. a. end b. burden c. lack d. decrease
12. a. policy b. suggestion c. purpose ??d. insight
13. a. contributing b. allocating c. promoting d. transferring
14. a. as a result b. at any rate c. by the way d. in a sense
15. a. unite? ??? b. finance c. follow d. choose
16. a. share b. identify c. divide d. broaden
17. a. announcement b. adjustment?c. assessment d. accomplishment
18. a. famous b. responsible c. available d. respectable
19. a. before b. once c. while d. unless
20. a. serve 
b. limit c. summarize d. alter
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section ii reading comprehension
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part a
text 1
? ? ? in the quest for the perfect lawn, homeowners across the country arc taking a shortcut ― and it is the environment that is paying the price. about eight million square metres of plastic grass is sold each year but opposition has now spread to the highest gardening circles. the chelsea flower show has banned take grass from this year’s event, declaring it to be not part of its ethos. the royal horticultural society (riis), which runs the annual show in west london, says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass docs to the environment and biodiversity.
? ? ? ed home, of the rhs, said: u*we launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic. we recommend using real grass because of its environmental benefits, which include supporting wildlife alleviating flooding and cooling the environment.”
? ? ? the rhs’s decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problems fake grass causes. a twitter account, which claims to “cut through the green wash of artificial grass, already has more than 20,000 followers. it is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions, one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage ” lax on such lawns. they have gathered 7,276 and 112 82 signatures.
? ? ? however, supporters of lake grass point out that there is also an environmental impact with natural lawns, which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol. the industry also points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water, weed killer or other treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more. the industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend an average of ￡500 on trees or shrubs for their garden, which provides habitat for insects.
? ? ? in response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns, which gathered 30,000 signatures, the government responded that it has “no plans to ban the use of artificial grass?
? ? ? it added: “we prefer to help people and organisaions make the right choice rather than legislating on such matters. however, the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage while measures such as the strengthened biodiversity duly should serve to accourage public authorities to consider sustainable alternatives.
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21.the rhs thinks that plastic grass?? ?? .?
a.?is harmful to the environment
b.?is a hot topic in gardening circles
c.?is overpraised in the annual show
d.?is ruining the view of west london
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22.the petitions mentioned in paragraph 3 reveal the campaigners` ? ?? ? ??.
a.?disappointment with the rhs
b.?resistance to fake grass use
c.?anger over the proposed tax
d.?concern above real grass supply
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23.in paragraph 4. supporters of take grass point out??? ?? .
a.?the necessity to lower the costs of lake grass
b.?the disadvantages of growing real grass
c.?the way to take care of artificial lawns
d.?the challenges of insect habitat protection
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24.what should the government do with regard to artificial grass?
a.?urge legislation to restrict its use.
b.?take measures to guarantees its quality.
c.?remind its users to obey existing rules.
d.?replay it with sustainable alternatives.
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25.it can be learned from the text take fake grass? ?? .
a.?is being improved continuously
b.?has seen a market share decline
c.?is becoming increasingly affordable
d.?has been a controversial product
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text 2
? ? ? it’s easy to dismiss as absurd the federal government’s ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks. can anyone really think it’s a good idea to allow amazon deliveries to your tent in yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at sequoia national park?
? ? ? but the administration is right about one thing: u.s. national parks arc in crisis. collectively, they have a maintenance backlog of more than s12 billion. roads, trails, restrooms, visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.
? ? ? but privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be the panacea that the interior department’s outdoor advisory committee would have us believe. campgrounds arc a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog, and concessionaires in the parks hand over, on average, only about 5% of their revenues to the national park service.
? ? ? moreover, increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year: to enjoy nature and get a respite from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.
? ? ? the real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding. we conducted a comprehensive survey examining how u.s. residents view their national parks, and we found that americans place a very high value on them -whether or not they actually visit them. the peer-reviewed economic survey of 700 u.s. taxpayers, conducted by mail and internet, also found that peopled be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs arc kept intact. some 81% of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts lo the national parks.
? ? ? the national parks provide great value to u.s. residents both as places to escape and as symbols of nature. on top of this, they produce value from their extensive educational programs, their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration, their contribution to our cultural and artistic life, and of course through tourism. the parks also help keep america’s past alive, working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites- i nd tiding ellis island and gettysburg-and to bring the stories of these places to life.
? ? ? the parks do all this on a shoestring. congress allocates only $3 billion a year to the national park system an amount that has been flat since 2001 (in inflation-adjusted dollars) with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009 as pail of the obama stimulus package. meanwhile, the number of annual visitors has increased by more than 50% since 1980, and now stands at 330 million visitors per year.
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26.?what problem are u.s. national parks laced with ? ? ? ?.
a.?decline of business profits
b.?inadequate commercialization
c.?lack of transportation services
d.?poorly maintained infrastructure
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27.?increased privatization of campground may? ? ? ?
a.?spoil visitor experience
b.?help preserve nature
c.?bring operational pressure
d.?boost visitors to parks
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28.?according to paragraphs 5,most respondents in the survey would? ? ? ??.
a.?go to the national parks on a regular basis
b.?advocate a bigger budget for the national parks
c.?agree to pay extra for the national parks
d.?support the national parks’ recent reforms
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29.?the national parks are valuable in that they? ? ? ??.
a.?lead the way in tourism
b.?has historical significance
c.?sponsor research on climate
d.?provide an income for the locals
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30.?it can be conclude from the text that the national park system ? ? ??.
a.?is able to cope with staff shortages
b.?is able to meet visitor’ demands
c.?is in need of a new pricing policy
d.?is in need of a funding increase
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text 3
? ? ? ?the internet may be changing merely what we remember, not our capacity to do so, suggests columbia university psychology professor betsy sparrow. in 2011,sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40?factoids in a computer (“an ostrich`s eye is bigger than its brain,”for example). half of the participants were told the information would be erased, while the other half were told it would be saved. guess what? the latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on?it?later, because they knew they could find it on their computers. in the same study, a group was asked to remember both the ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? information?and the folders it was stored in. they didn`t??
?remember the information, but they remembered how to find the folders. in other words, human memory is not deteriorating but “adapting to new communications technology/’ sparrow says.
in a very practical way, the internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories, a process known as “‘cognitive offloading.” traditionally, this role was?fulfilled by data banks libraries, and other humans. your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does, for instance. some worry that?this is having a destructive effect on society, but sparrow sees an upside. perhaps, she suggests, the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking something that is not available on the internet. “1 personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things. sparrow says, adding that we haven’t lost our ability to do it.
? ? ? ? still other experts say it’s too soon to understand how the internet affects our brains. there is no experimental evidence showing that it?interferes with our ability to focus, for instance, wrote psychologists christopher chabris and daniel.j.simons. and surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer-savvy older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at?the semel?institute for neuroscience and human behavior at the university of?california, los angeles.
? ? ? ? “there may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the internet, but i*d have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs.” observes psychology professor benjamin storm. “h seems pretty clear that memory is changing. but is it changing for?the better? at this point, we don’t?know.”
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31.?sparrow’s study shows that with the internet, the human brain will ??.
a.?analyze information in detail
b.?collect information efficiently
c.?switch its focus of memory
d.?extend its memory duration
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32.?the process of “cognitive offloading”? ?.
a.?helps us identity?faise information
b.?keeps our memory from failing
c.?enables us to classify trivial facts
d.?lessens our memory burdens
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33.?which of the?following would sparrow support about the internet?
a.?it may reform our learning approach.
b.?it may impact our society negatively.
c.?it may enhance our adaptability to technology.
d.?it may interfere with our conceptual thinking.
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34.?it is indicated in paragraph 3 that how the internet affects our brains ??.
a.?requires?further academic research
b.?is most studies in older adults
c.?is reflected in our reading speed
d.?depends on our web-surfing habits
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35.?neither sparrow nor storm?would agree that??? ?.
a.?our reliance on the internet will be costly
b.?the internet is weakening our memory
c.?memory exercise is a must?for our brains
d.?our ability to locus declines with age
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text 4
? ? ? teenagers are paradoxical. that’s a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stronger language. but the paradox is scientific as well as personal. in adolescence, helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other. at the same lime, once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risktakers.
? ? ? a new study published in the journal child development by eveline crone of the university of leiden and colleagues, suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hand. the study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence. for a long time, scientists and policy makers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem that needed to be solved. the new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.
the researchers studied “prosocial” and rebellious traits in more than 200 children and young adults, ranging from i i to 2s years old. the participants filled out questionnaires about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive, like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend, or rebellious and negative, like getting drunk or staying out late.
? ? ? other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increases as you become a teenager and then fades away as you grow older. but the new study shows that interestingly, the same pattern holds for prosocial behavior. teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to report that they did things like unselfishly help a friend.
most significantly, there was a positive correlation?between prosociality and rebelliousness. the teenagers who were more rebellious were also more likely to help others. the good and bad sides of adolescence seem to develop together.
? ? ? is there some common factor that underlies these apparently contradictory developments? one idea is?that?teenage behavior is related to what researchers call “reward sensitivity, decision-making always involves balancing rewards and risks, benefits and costs. ‘”reward sensitivity?’ measures how much reward it takes to outweigh risk.
? ? ? teenagers arc particularly sensitive to social-rewards winning the game, impressing a new friend, getting that boy to notice you. reward sensitivity, like prosocial behavior and risk-taking, seems to go up in adolescence and then down again as we age. somehow, when you hit 3(), the chance that something exciting and new will happen at that party just doesn’t seem to outweigh the effort of getting up off the couch.
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36.?according to paragraph 1, children growing into adolescence tend to ? ??.
a.?develop opposite personality traits
b.?sec the world in an unreasonable way
c.?have?found?memories of?their past
d.?show affection for their parents
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37.?it can be learned from paragraph 2 that crone’s study? ??.
a.?explores?teenagers’ social responsibilities
b.?examines teenagers’ emotional problems
c.?provides a new insight into adolescence
d.?highlights negative adolescent behavior
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38.?what does crone’s study find about prosocial behavior?
a.?it results from the wish to cooperate.
b.?it?is cultivated through education.
c.?it is subject to family influence.
d.?it tends to peak in adolescence.
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39.?it can be learned?form?the last two paragraphs that teenagers? ?.
a.?over-stress their influence on others
b.?care a lot about social recognition
c.?become anxious about their future
d.?endeavor to live a joyful life
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40.?what is the text mainly about?
a.?why teenagers are self-contradictory.
b.?why teenagers are risk-sensitive.
c.?how teenagers develop prosociality.
d.?i low teenagers become independent.
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part b
directions:?
read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. there arc two extra choices in the right column. mark your answers on the answer sheet. (10 points)
net-zero rules set to send cost of new homes and extensions soaring
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? ? ? new building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are set to increase the price of new homes, as well as those of extensions and loft conversions on existing ones.
? ? ? the rules, which came into effect on wednesday in england, are part of government plans to reduce the uk’s carbon emissions to net zero by 2050. they set new standards for ventilation, energy?efficiency?and heating, and state that new residential buildings must have charging points tor electric vehicles.
? ? ? the moves are the most significant change lo building regulations in years, and industry experts say they will inevitably lead lo higher prices al a lime when a shortage of materials and high labour costs are already driving up bills.
? ? ? brian berry, chief executive of the?federation of master builders, says the measures will require new materials, testing methods, products and systems to be installed. “all this comes at an increased cost during a time when prices are already sky high. inevitably, consumers will have to pay more/ he says.
? ? ? gareth belsham,?of surveyors naismiths, says people who arc upgrading, or extending their home, will be directing affected.?“the biggest changes relate to heating and insulation,he explains. “there arc new rules concerning the amount of glazing used in extensions, and any new windows or doors must be highly insulated.”
windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards, while there arc new limits on the amount of glazing you can have to reduce unwanted heat from the sun.
? ? ? thomas goodman, of my?job quote,says this will bring in new restrictions?for?extensions. “glazing on windows, doors and roof?lights must cover no more than 25% of the floor area to prevent heat loss,”he says.
? ? ? as the rules come into effect last wednesday, property developers were rushing lo file plans just before the deadline. any plans submitted before that date arc considered to be under the previous rules, and can go ahead as long as work starts before 15 june next year.
? ? ? builders which have costed projects, but have not filed the paperwork, many need to go back and submit fresh estimates, says marcus?jefford?of build aviator.
? ? ? materials prices are already up 25% in the last two years. how much overall prices will increase as a result of the rule changes is not clear. “whilst admirable in their intentions, they will add to the cost of house?building at a time when many already feel that they arc priced out of home?ownership,” says jonathan rolande of the national association of property buyers. “an average extension will probably see around ￡3,000 additional cost thanks to the new regs.”
? ? ? john kelly, a construction lawyer at freeths law firm, believes prices will eventually come down. but not in the immediate future. “as the marketplace adapts to the new requirements, and the technologies that support them, the scaling up of these technologies will eventually bring costs down, but in the short term, we will all have to pay the price of the necessary transition, he says.
? ? ? however, the long-term effects of the changes will be more comfortable and energyefficient homes, adds andrew mellor, of prp architects. ”homeowners will probably recoup that cost over time in energy bill savings. it will obviously be very volatile at the moment, but they will have that benefit over time’
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[a] the rise of home prices is a temporary matter.
41. brian berry【d】
[b] builders possibly need to submit new estimates of their projects.
42.gareth belsham【f】
[cj there will be specific limits on home extensions to prevent heat loss.
43. marcus jefford【b】
[d] the new rules will take home prices to an even higher level.
44. john kelly【a】
[e] many people feel that home prices arc already beyond what they con afford.
45. andrew mellor【g】
[f] the new rules will a fleet people whose home extensions include new windows or doors.
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[g]the rule changes will benefit homeowners eventually.
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section iii translation
directions:
translate the following text into chinese. write your translation on the answer sheet. (15 points)
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in the late?18th century; william wordsworth became famous?for his poems about nature. and he was one of the founders of a movement called romanticism, which celebrated the wonders of the natural world.
poetry is powerful. its energy and rhythm can capture a reader, transport them to another world and make them see things differently. through carefully selected words and phrases, poems can be dramatic, tunny\ beautiful moving and inspiring.
no one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years, even be lore people could write. it was a way to tell stories and pass down history. it is closely related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud. poems really come to lite when they are recited. this can also help with understanding them too, because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer.
?【参阅翻译】
18世纪晚期，威廉·华兹华斯因其关于天然的诗歌而出名。他是浪漫主义运动的创始人之一，该运动赞誉白然世界的奇迹。
诗歌是健壮的。它的能量和节奏可以招引读者，将他们带到另一个世界，让他们以不一样的方法看待事物。经过精心选择单词和短语，诗歌可所以戏曲性的、风趣的、秀丽悦耳的和煽悦耳心的。
没有人切当地晓得诗歌是啥时分隔端的，但它现已存在了几千年，甚至在我们会写字之前就现已呈现了。这是一种叙说故事和传承前史的方法。它和歌曲有着亲近的联络，即就是在创造时，它也一般是大声演奏的。诗歌朗读后才真实鲜活起来，因为单词的节奏和声响变得更清楚了，所以这也有助于了解它们。
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?section iv writing
part a
directions:
an ail exhibition and a robot show are to be held on sunday, and your friend david asks you which one he should go to. write him an email to
make a suggestion, and
1)give your reason(s).
2)write your answer in about 100?words on the answer sheet.
do not use your own name in your email;?use “li ming” instead. (10 points)
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part b
directions:
write an essay based on the chart below. in your essay, you should
describe and interpret the chart、and
give your comments.
write your answer in about 150 words on the answer sheet. (15 points)
2012-2021年我国居民安康本质水平
*安康索养(health literacy)是指自个获取和了解根柢安康信息和效能,并运用这些信息 和效能作出正确抉择计划,以维护和推进本身安康的才能。安康索养水平指具有基木安康索 弈的人在总人群(15-69岁城乡居民)中所占的比例.
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?【作文估分参阅】
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先根据文章内容言语定个档位，然后在这个档位内看缺失的要害扣分。
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