??how old is your dog in human years??
你的狗狗相当于人的多少岁了？
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how old is your four-legged best friend? common wisdom says that a dog ages seven years for every human year. but tina wang, a graduate student at the university of california, san diego, wanted a more accurate assessment. her quest started five years ago, when she rescued a dog from a shelter.
你的四条腿的好朋友多大了?我们通常认为，狗狗的1年相当于人类的7岁。但加州大学圣地亚哥分校的研究生蒂娜·王希望能够对狗狗的年龄进行更准确地评估。5年前，她从收容所领养了一条狗，也正是从那个时候开始了她的研究。
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“i kind of just wanted to ask how old she was caus
e i felt like they were giving me an age that was very sensible, but i wasn’t sure she was actually that old. so that kind of started this whole project.”
“我只是想知道这条狗多大了，虽然收容所的人告诉了我一个合乎情理的年龄，但我并不确定它是否真的那么大，于是开启了这项研究。”
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wang worked in trey ideker’s lab, where they study changing patterns of dna methylation in humans. small chemical entities called methyl groups attach to stretches of dna, which affects what sequences are active.?
蒂娜·王在特雷·艾德克的实验室工作，该实验室主要研究人类dna甲基化的变化模式。一种被称为甲基的小型化学实体附着在dna片段上，它会对dna序列的活跃与否产生影响。
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as we age, some stretches of dna get more methylated, and others less. the pattern is so?consistent?over the course of most people’s lives that it can be used as an aging “clock.”?
随着我们年龄的增长，一些dna片段的甲基化程度增加，而另一些则会减少。在大多数人的一生中，dna甲基化的变化趋势都是基本一致的，因此它可以被看作一个指示衰老的“时钟”。?
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the same process happens in dogs—and published reports existed from other labs about methylation patterns in dogs changing over time. so wang compared the age-related patterns in 320 humans and 104 labrador retrievers.
dna甲基化的过程也会发生在狗狗身上，而且其他实验室也曾发表过有关狗的甲基化模式随时间变化的研究。于是，蒂娜·王对320位受试者和104条拉布拉多犬的年龄相关模式进行了比较。
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we knew that dna methylation can predict age in many mammals, but we didn’t know exactly how much of this was shared throughout the progression of life, and it wasn’t clear if there was anything that was shared.?
“我们知道dna甲基化可以用来预测许多哺乳动物的年龄，但我们并不清楚在整个生命进程中dna甲基化的相似度，也不清楚是否存在相同之处。
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and because of these similarities, we were able to identify a conserved aging signature that allows you to estimate dog years from human years based on this?molecular?profile.
正因为存在这些相似性，我们才能够识别出保守的衰老特征，才能以这个分子图谱为基础，参照人类的年龄来估算狗狗的年龄。”
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the researchers say that dog years per human year change over the lifetime of a dog. for example, their method has a one-year-old dog being the equivalent of a 30-year-old human. a four-year-old dog is about 52. and dog aging per year slows considerably after that.?
研究人员表示，狗狗和人类年龄的换算方式会随狗狗年龄段的不同而发生变化。例如，他们的研究认为，1岁的狗狗相当于人类的30岁，而4岁的狗狗相当于人类的52岁。4岁之后，狗狗每年的衰老速度会大大减缓。
(全文共316个词，黑体单词为考研重难点词汇)
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重难点词汇：
?accurate [??kj?r?t] adj. 准确的；精确的sensible [?sens?bl] adj. 理智的；合理的
?equivalent [??kw?v?l?nt] adj. 等同的；等效的
?considerably [k?n?s?d?r?bli] adv. 非常；相当多地
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