academic exploration 1
reading & understanding
二、understanding the text
1、comprehension 1
1）para.2答案：the history of the concept of groupthink
2）para.3答案：why groupthink occurs
3）para.4答案：what happens when groupthink occurs
4）para.5答案：how to avoid groupthink
5）para.6答案：research into the theory of groupthink
6）para.7答案：the summary of the concept
2、comprehension 2
1）a.true
2）b.false
3）b.false
4）a.true
5）b.false
6）b.false
三、language focus
2、words in use(留心变形)
1）conducive
2）appraisal
3）consensus
4）notoriously
5）discredit
6）empirical
7)? contentious
8)? override
3、translation
1）该研讨谈论了集体思维概念与高凝集力集体、寻求共同性、推进型领导力等变量之间的联络。
2）在商业环境中，打点者有必要警惕集体思维或许下面这种倾向：有凝集力的集体因过于在乎内部联合而不能批判性地、脚结壮地地评价自个的想象和抉择计划。
3）在大数据技能的协助下，该公司的主管可以根据对机缘和差错的最佳估量，做出正确的定价判别。
4）一些高层打点者更尽力于坚持现状，特别是坚持其地址机构的现有战略和领导形象。
thinking & exploring
一、interpreting the text
1、interpreting the text
1）how is groupthink defined in the text?
答案：the term was coined by william h. whyte jr. in 1952. he argues that groupthink has a detrimental effect on a groups ability to make decisions. then, the yale psychologist irving janis did initial research into groupthink and defined that groupthink occurs when concurrence-seeking becomes so dominant in a cohesive ingroup that it tends to override realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action. that is to say, groups often become so obsessed with maintaining a harmonious relationship that they lose the ability to objectively evaluate alternative viewpoints.
2）according to para. 3, what are the three main causes of groupthink?
答案：the three main causes of groupthink are strong cohesiveness, closed leadership styles, and high-stakes situations.
3）how do you understand mentioned in para. 3?
答案：high-stakes situations refer to those that involve a lot of risks or serious consequences. in such situations, people are more stressed and wary of the consequences of upsetting the status quo, and thus they become more cautious than usual about voicing their views in group decision-making.
4）according to para. 5, in what aspects is the role of the leader key in the effort to avoid groupthink?
答案：to avoid groupthink, the role of the leader is key in the following aspects. first, the leader is responsible for creating an environment where the group feels free to work without fear of judgment from the leader. second, the leader should seek effective ways to allow for varying perspectives to emerge, such as setting up several independent groups working on the same problem, if resources allow.
5）why does the author cite the three sources—erdem (2003), dimitroff et al. (2005) and scharff (2005)—in para. 6?
答案：the author cites the three sources to show that despite the lack of empirical data, there is still evidence to indicate the existence of groupthink.
6）what is the authors attitude toward groupthink?
答案：the author acknowledges the effect of groupthink in decision-making and the position of groupthink in management and psychology. and at the same time, he or she emphasizes the validation of the concept in further research.
三、getting the skill
1、creating flow charts
视频中选择题的答案是：a
2、practicing the skill 1
1）janis (1971)
2）to provide a definition of a key term
3）janis (1972)
4）to summarize a theory
5）janis (1971)
6）to provide a definition of a key term
7）erdem (2003)
8）to support a claim
9）dimitroff et al. (2005)
10）to support a claim
11）scharff (2005)
12）to support a claim
3、practicing the skill 2
1）michaelsen et al., 1989 & pease et al., 1993
答案：to support or refute a claim or argument
2）wagstaff, 2002
答案：to provide a definition of a key term
3）kelley, 2002
答案：to support or refute a claim or argument
4）dowling & st. louis, 2000
答案：to provide a definition of a key term
5）andersen & fagerhaug, 2000
答案：to support or refute a claim or argument
6）burdett, 2000
答案：to summarize theories and hypotheses
academic exploration 2
reading & understanding
二、understanding the text
1、comprehension 1
1）d.workplace…
2）e.the…
3）a.balancing…
4）b.adapting…
5）c.utilizing…
2、comprehension 2
第一有些
1）c.the…
2）b.conflict…
3）e.optimum…
4）a.as…
5）d.people…
第二有些
1）b.individuals showing…
2）e.individuals neither…
3）a.people…
4）c.individuals aggressively…
5）d.both…
三、language focus
2、words in use(留心变形)
1）mediate
2）detriment
3）optimum
4）unfold
5）underperformed (加ed)
6）diffuse
7)? predominant
8)? autonomous
3、translation
1)? 尽管竞赛剧烈，该公司仍经过充分使用大数据，成功应对了其时的不断定性，成果体现胜过同行。
2）经过搜集内部人士的“实习故事”，即经历丰厚的推进型领导者叙说如何处置公共争端，咱们发现凌乱和冲突、决断和怜惜、利益和价值全都交错在一同。
3)? 在整个项目中，有凝集力的团队经过翻开的交流途径抵达最优成果，而避免冲突实践上可以会阻止团队前进，这并不令人惊奇。
4)? 新研讨发现，一个多样化的团队一般可以胜过一个由最优良的人构成的团队，缘由是多样化使得信息处置更为缜密，而这在同质化的团队中是不存在的。
thinking & exploring
一、interpreting the text
1、interpreting the text
1）why does the author describe conflict as in para. 1?
答案：the author describes conflict as
2）what are the leaders roles at the five stages of team development?
答案：leaders perform different roles at different stages of team development. their roles are vital at the stages weaken as team members get used to working with their colleagues and need less support from leaders. at the final stage, when a strong team breaks up, leaders need to show a great deal of empathy to their team members.
3）what is the function of para. 9?
答案：this paragraph works as a transition between the five team development stages and the five conflict management styles. the successful navigation of the s behavior along two dimensions: assertiveness and cooperativeness. the two dimensions can then be used to define the five conflict management styles.
4）in what conflict situations in the workplace may the five conflict management styles be respectively employed?
答案：according to thomas and kilmann (1974), the five conflict management styles may be employed in the following situations:
accommodating: this style works well when the other person has more expertise and / or a better solution.
avoiding: this style is effective when a situation involves minor issues, or is emotionally charged or tense.
collaborating: this style can be effective in complex situations, but it requires a lot of trust, time, and effort to reach a consensus.
competing: when decisive action is needed, for example, in times of emergency, this style can be an effective way to resolve conflict.
compromising: this style could work when the goals of all parties involved are of equal importance.
5）what is the authors attitude toward conflict in the workplace?
答案：the author takes a positive attitude toward conflict in the workplace. the author acknowledges the detrimental role conflict plays in the workplace; however, he or she uses theories and examples to illustrate why conflict is unavoidable in the workplace and how successfully navigating conflict can boost team performance. toward the end, the author emphasizes the importance of conflict by stating that
三、getting the skill
1、identifying and…
视频中选择题的答案是：d
2、practicing the skill 1
1）academic books:
答案：advantages: they are usually reliable, accurate, and authoritative. the purpose is to educate. disadvantages: they can be quite dated.
2）academic journals:
答案：advantages: they are usually reliable, accurate, and authoritative, and can be up-to-date. the purpose is to educate. disadvantages: they are often very specialized and might be difficult for readers to understand.
3）blogs:
答案：advantages: you can find a wealth of information and different views on the same topic. disadvantages: there are academic blogs, so the source needs to be checked carefully. they can be very inaccurate, written simply to entertain by a nonexpert in the field.
4）newspapers:
答案：advantages: the information is updated timely. disadvantages: many write about academic topics, but its best to then trace the original academic source. these are usually not an academic source unless a scholar has been asked to write an article.
3、practicing the skill 2
1）low
2）low
3）high
4）high
5）high
6）medium
7)? high
8)? high
9)? clear (to inform)
10)? clear (to inform)
4、practicing the skill 3
1）medium
2）medium
3）high
4）high
5）high
6）high
7)? high
8)? high
9)? high
10)? high
11)? high
12)? high
13)? clear (to inform)
14)? clear (to inform)
15)? clear (to inform)
critical thinking
一、getting the skill
1、critical thinking review
视频中选择题的答案是：c
2、practicing the skill 1
1）read the paragraph. identify the claim or argument, the supporting evidence, and the conclusion.
答案：the claim: dealing with conflict fairly and directly is a fundamental skill of all effective managers. the evidence: according to hooper (2021), the conclusion: managers who lack the respect of others due to their unwillingness to approach the situation effectively will be faced with an untenable situation.
3、practicing the skill 2
1）evaluate the strength of the argument from practicing the skill 1.
答案：the main weakness of this argument is the source. the personal experience of an individual is not sufficient evidence for this claim. it is not a peer-reviewed academic source. it could be biased as it is based on personal experience and it is narrow. however, the argument could be said to be logical.
academic writing
writing model
一、essay prompt
1、essay prompt
1）key words:
答案：some people believe that conflict at work has a number of negative effects. others feel that conflict has many positive effects on performance. discuss both views and give your opinion.
二、model analysis
1、task 1
1）positive:
答案：open and honest consultation; higher productivity; greater flexibility; better performance
2）negative:
答案：poor staff retention; time spent mediating conflict
2、task 2
1）thesis statement:
答案：this essay will argue that while conflict unquestionably has a number of negative consequences, when managed well, it can actually be positive.
3、task 3
1）how does each source support the writers argument?
答案：each source supports the writers argument in the following ways:
lipsky (2016): the lipsky source supports the argument by providing the three reasons that the writer mentions. adkins (2016): the adkins source provides statistical data that further support the writers counterargument (rebuttal).
language for writing
一、vocabulary development
1、adverbs of stance
第一有些
1）arguably? ? ? ? ? ?g….when…
2）equally? ? ? ? ? ? ?f….introduce…
3）essentially? ? ? ? b….for…
4）fundamentally? d.in a…
5）highly? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?h.very…
6）inevitably? ? ? ? ?a….something…
7）realistically? ? ? ?c….you…
8）unquestionably e….show…
第二有些
1）a.unquestionably
2）a.fundamentally
3）a.realistically
4）b.equally
5）a.highly
6）a.essentially
7）a.inevitably
8）b.arguably
二、grammar
1、subordinating conjunctions
第一有些
1）d.a…
2）g.needs…
3）a.it needs…
4）c.however…
5）e.it will…
6）b.they…
7）f.whoever…
第二有些
1）whoever
2）whichever
3）whenever
4）wherever
5）whatever
6）however
writing skill
一、getting the skill
2、practicing the skill 1
1）conflict management. smith, l. (2016). (3rd ed.). academial press.
答案：smith, l. (2016). conflict management (3rd ed.). academial press.
2）p. johnson. journal of applied management. management techniques. (2021). 15(2), 25–26.
答案：johnson, p. (2021). management techniques. journal of applied management, 15(2), 25–26.
3）making our cities sustainable in the fight against climate change. cgtn. retrieved december 30, 2021. andrew, o. (2021, november 1). https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-11-01/making-our-cities-sustainable-in-the-fight-against-climate-change-14plnqsnd8y/index.html
答案：andrew, o. (2021, november 1). making our cities sustaina
ble in the fight against climate change. cgtn. retrieved december 30, 2021, from https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-11-01/making-our-cities-sustainable-in-the-fight-against-climate-change-14plnqsnd8y/index.html
4）the new groupthink. journal of group psychology. moore, r. (2016). 25(9), 15–16.
答案：moore, r. (2016). the new groupthink. journal of group psychology, 25(9), 15–16.
3、practicing the skill 2
1）janis, i. l. groupthink: psychological studies of policy decisions and fiascoes (2nd ed.). houghton mifflin.
答案：the publication year is missing; the title of the book should be in italics.
2）hammer, m. r. (2012). the intercultural conflict style inventory: a conceptual framework and measure of intercultural conflict resolution approaches. 29(6).
答案：the name of the journal and page numbers are missing.
3）h. dzodin. dragon boat festival is enduring cultural link to chinas past.?
答案：the last name should be presented first; the publication date and the website name are missing.